NDCube¶
- class ndcube.NDCube(data, wcs=None, uncertainty=None, mask=None, meta=None, unit=None, copy=False, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
NDCubeBase
Class representing N-D data described by a single array and set of WCS transformations.
- Parameters:
data (
numpy.ndarray
) – The array holding the actual data in this object.wcs (
astropy.wcs.wcsapi.BaseLowLevelWCS
,astropy.wcs.wcsapi.BaseHighLevelWCS
, optional) – The WCS object containing the axes’ information, optional only ifdata
is anastropy.nddata.NDData
object.uncertainty (any type, optional) – Uncertainty in the dataset. Should have an attribute uncertainty_type that defines what kind of uncertainty is stored, for example “std” for standard deviation or “var” for variance. A metaclass defining such an interface is NDUncertainty - but isn’t mandatory. If the uncertainty has no such attribute the uncertainty is stored as UnknownUncertainty. Defaults to None.
mask (any type, optional) – Mask for the dataset. Masks should follow the numpy convention that valid data points are marked by False and invalid ones with True. Defaults to None.
meta (dict-like object, optional) – Additional meta information about the dataset. If no meta is provided an empty collections.OrderedDict is created. Default is None.
unit (Unit-like or str, optional) – Unit for the dataset. Strings that can be converted to a Unit are allowed. Default is None.
extra_coords (iterable of
tuple
, each with three entries) – (str
,int
,astropy.units.quantity
or array-like) Gives the name, axis of data, and values of coordinates of a data axis not included in the WCS object.copy (bool, optional) – Indicates whether to save the arguments as copy. True copies every attribute before saving it while False tries to save every parameter as reference. Note however that it is not always possible to save the input as reference. Default is False.
Attributes Summary
Returns the physical types associated with each array axis.
A
BaseHighLevelWCS
object which combines.wcs
with.extra_coords
.The stored dataset.
The array dimensions of the cube.
An
ExtraCoords
object holding extra coordinates aligned to array axes.A
GlobalCoords
object holding coordinate metadata not aligned to an array axis.Mask for the dataset, if any.
Additional meta information about the dataset.
A
MatplotlibPlotter
instance providing visualization methods.Image representation of the PSF for the dataset.
Uncertainty in the dataset, if any.
Unit for the dataset, if any.
A world coordinate system (WCS) for the dataset, if any.
Methods Summary
axis_world_coords
(*axes[, pixel_corners, wcs])Returns WCS coordinate values of all pixels for all axes.
axis_world_coords_values
(*axes[, ...])Returns WCS coordinate values of all pixels for desired axes.
crop
(*points[, wcs])Crop to the smallest cube in pixel space containing the world coordinate points.
crop_by_values
(*points[, units, wcs])Crop to the smallest cube in pixel space containing the world coordinate points.
explode_along_axis
(axis)Separates slices of NDCubes along a given axis into an NDCubeSequence of (N-1)DCubes.
plot
([axes, plot_axes, axes_coordinates, ...])Visualize the
NDCube
.reproject_to
(target_wcs[, algorithm, ...])Reprojects this
NDCube
to the coordinates described by another WCS object.Attributes Documentation
- array_axis_physical_types¶
Returns the physical types associated with each array axis.
Returns an iterable of tuples where each tuple corresponds to an array axis and holds strings denoting the physical types associated with that array axis. Since multiple physical types can be associated with one array axis, tuples can be of different lengths. Likewise, as a single physical type can correspond to multiple array axes, the same physical type string can appear in multiple tuples.
The physical types are drawn from the WCS ExtraCoords objects.
- combined_wcs¶
A
BaseHighLevelWCS
object which combines.wcs
with.extra_coords
.
- dimensions¶
- extra_coords¶
An
ExtraCoords
object holding extra coordinates aligned to array axes.
- global_coords¶
A
GlobalCoords
object holding coordinate metadata not aligned to an array axis.
- mask¶
Mask for the dataset, if any.
Masks should follow the
numpy
convention that valid data points are marked byFalse
and invalid ones withTrue
.- Type:
any type
- plotter = None¶
A
MatplotlibPlotter
instance providing visualization methods.The type of this attribute can be changed to provide custom visualization functionality.
- psf¶
- uncertainty¶
Uncertainty in the dataset, if any.
Should have an attribute
uncertainty_type
that defines what kind of uncertainty is stored, such as'std'
for standard deviation or'var'
for variance. A metaclass defining such an interface isNDUncertainty
but isn’t mandatory.- Type:
any type
- unit¶
Unit for the dataset, if any.
- Type:
Unit
- wcs¶
A world coordinate system (WCS) for the dataset, if any.
- Type:
any type
Methods Documentation
- axis_world_coords(*axes, pixel_corners=False, wcs=None)¶
Returns WCS coordinate values of all pixels for all axes.
- Parameters:
axes (
int
orstr
, or multipleint
orstr
, optional) – Axis number in numpy ordering or unique substring ofworld_axis_physical_types
of axes for which real world coordinates are desired. axes=None implies all axes will be returned.pixel_corners (
bool
, optional) – IfTrue
then instead of returning the coordinates at the centers of the pixels, the coordinates at the pixel corners will be returned. This increases the size of the output by 1 in all dimensions as all corners are returned.wcs (
astropy.wcs.wcsapi.BaseHighLevelWCS
, optional) – The WCS object to used to calculate the world coordinates. Although technically this can be any valid WCS, it will typically beself.wcs
,self.extra_coords
, orself.combined_wcs
which combines both the WCS and extra coords. Defaults to the.wcs
property.
- Returns:
axes_coords – An iterable of “high level” objects giving the real world coords for the axes requested by user. For example, a tuple of
SkyCoord
objects. The types returned are determined by the WCS object. The dimensionality of these objects should match that of their corresponding array dimensions, unlesspixel_corners=True
in which case the length along each axis will be 1 greater than the number of pixels.- Return type:
Example
>>> NDCube.all_world_coords(('lat', 'lon')) >>> NDCube.all_world_coords(2)
- axis_world_coords_values(*axes, pixel_corners=False, wcs=None)¶
Returns WCS coordinate values of all pixels for desired axes.
- Parameters:
axes (
int
orstr
, or multipleint
orstr
, optional) – Axis number in numpy ordering or unique substring ofworld_axis_physical_types
of axes for which real world coordinates are desired. axes=None implies all axes will be returned.pixel_corners (
bool
, optional) – IfTrue
then instead of returning the coordinates of the pixel centers the coordinates of the pixel corners will be returned. This increases the size of the output along each dimension by 1 as all corners are returned.wcs (
astropy.wcs.wcsapi.BaseHighLevelWCS
, optional) – The WCS object to used to calculate the world coordinates. Although technically this can be any valid WCS, it will typically beself.wcs
,self.extra_coords
, orself.combined_wcs
, combing both the WCS and extra coords. Defaults to the.wcs
property.
- Returns:
axes_coords – An iterable of “high level” objects giving the real world coords for the axes requested by user. For example, a tuple of
SkyCoord
objects. The types returned are determined by the WCS object. The dimensionality of these objects should match that of their corresponding array dimensions, unlesspixel_corners=True
in which case the length along each axis will be 1 greater than the number of pixels.- Return type:
Example
>>> NDCube.all_world_coords_values(('lat', 'lon')) >>> NDCube.all_world_coords_values(2)
- crop(*points, wcs=None)¶
Crop to the smallest cube in pixel space containing the world coordinate points.
- Parameters:
points (iterable of iterables) –
Tuples of high level coordinate objects e.g.
SkyCoord
. The coordinates of the points must be specified in Cartesian (WCS) order as they are passed toworld_to_array_index
. Therefore their number and order must be compatible with the API of that method.It is possible to not specify a coordinate for an axis by replacing any object with
None
. Any coordinate replaced byNone
will not be used to calculate pixel coordinates, and therefore not affect the calculation of the final bounding box.wcs (
astropy.wcs.wcsapi.BaseLowLevelWCS
) – The WCS to use to calculate the pixel coordinates based on the input. Will default to the.wcs
property if not given. While any valid WCS could be used it is expected that either the.wcs
,.combined_wcs
, or.extra_coords
properties will be used.
- Returns:
result
- Return type:
- crop_by_values(*points, units=None, wcs=None)¶
Crop to the smallest cube in pixel space containing the world coordinate points.
- Parameters:
points (iterable of iterables) –
Tuples of coordinates as
Quantity
objects. The coordinates of the points must be specified in Cartesian (WCS) order as they are passed toworld_to_array_index_values
. Therefore their number and order must be compatible with the API of that method.It is possible to not specify a coordinate for an axis by replacing any coordinate with
None
. Any coordinate replaced byNone
will not be used to calculate pixel coordinates, and therefore not affect the calculation of the final bounding box. Note that you must specify either none or all coordinates for any correlated axes, e.g. both spatial coordinates.units (iterable of
astropy.units.Unit
) – The unit of the corresponding entries in each point. Must therefore be the same length as the number of world axes. Only used if the corresponding type is not aastropy.units.Quantity
orNone
.wcs (
astropy.wcs.wcsapi.BaseLowLevelWCS
) – The WCS to use to calculate the pixel coordinates based on the input. Will default to the.wcs
property if not given. While any valid WCS could be used it is expected that either the.wcs
,.combined_wcs
, or.extra_coords
properties will be used.
- Returns:
result
- Return type:
- explode_along_axis(axis)¶
Separates slices of NDCubes along a given axis into an NDCubeSequence of (N-1)DCubes.
- Parameters:
axis (
int
) – The array axis along which the data is to be changed.- Returns:
result
- Return type:
- plot(axes=None, plot_axes=None, axes_coordinates=None, axes_units=None, data_unit=None, wcs=None, **kwargs)¶
Visualize the
NDCube
.- Parameters:
axes (
WCSAxes
or None:, optional) – The axes to plot onto. If None the current axes will be used.plot_axes (
list
, optional) – A list of length equal to the number of pixel dimensions in array axis order. This list selects which cube axes are displayed on which plot axes. For an image plot this list should contain'x'
and'y'
for the plot axes andNone
for all the other elements. For a line plot it should only contain'x'
andNone
for all the other elements.axes_unit (
list
, optional) – A list of length equal to the number of world dimensions specifying the units of each axis, orNone
to use the default unit for that axis.axes_coordinates (
list
, optional) – A list of length equal to the number of pixel dimensions. For each axis the value of the list should either be a string giving the world axis type orNone
to use the default axis from the WCS.data_unit (
astropy.unit.Unit
) – The data is changed to the unit given or theNDCube.unit
if not given.wcs (
astropy.wcs.wcsapi.BaseHighLevelWCS
) – The WCS object to define the coordinates of the plot axes.kwargs – Additional keyword arguments are given to the underlying plotting infrastructure which depends on the dimensionality of the data and whether 1 or 2 plot_axes are defined: - Animations:
mpl_animators.ArrayAnimatorWCS
- Static 2-D images:matplotllib.pyplot.imshow
- Static 1-D line plots:matplotllib.pyplot.plot
- reproject_to(target_wcs, algorithm='interpolation', shape_out=None, return_footprint=False, **reproject_args)¶
Reprojects this
NDCube
to the coordinates described by another WCS object.- Parameters:
target_wcs (
astropy.wcs.wcsapi.BaseHighLevelWCS
,astropy.wcs.wcsapi.BaseLowLevelWCS
,) – orastropy.io.fits.Header
The WCS object to which theNDCube
is to be reprojected.algorithm (
str
{‘interpolation’, ‘adaptive’, ‘exact’}) – The algorithm to use for reprojecting. When set to ‘interpolation’ ~`reproject.reproject_interp` is used, when set to ‘adaptive’ ~`reproject.reproject_adaptive` is used and when set to ‘exact’ ~`reproject.reproject_exact` is used.shape_out (
tuple
, optional) – The shape of the output data array. The ordering of the dimensions must follow NumPy ordering and not the WCS pixel shape. If not specified,array_shape
attribute (if available) from the low level API of thetarget_wcs
is used.return_footprint (
bool
) – IfTrue`
the footprint is returned in addition to the newNDCube
. Defaults toFalse
.**reproject_args – All other arguments are passed through to the reproject function being called. The function being called depends on the
algorithm=
keyword argument, see that for more details.
- Returns:
resampled_cube (
ndcube.NDCube
) – A new resultant NDCube object, the suppliedtarget_wcs
will be the.wcs
attribute of the outputNDCube
.footprint (
numpy.ndarray
) – Footprint of the input array in the output array. Values of 0 indicate no coverage or valid values in the input image, while values of 1 indicate valid values.
See also
reproject.reproject_interp
reproject.reproject_adaptive
reproject.reproject_exact
Notes
This method doesn’t support handling of the
mask
,extra_coords
, anduncertainty
attributes yet. However,meta
andglobal_coords
are copied to the outputndcube.NDCube
.